The small and medium enterprises Act as catalyst for economic growth and development in Pakistan: Economic growth and development perspective

This paper explores the value of small and medium enterprises for the economic growth and development especially in Pakistan. Moreover, it assesses the usage of information technology in SMEs sector of Pakistan. According to the recent Census of Establishments conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) there are about 3.2 million economic establishments in Pakistan. Out of these Small & Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (with employment base up to 99) constitute 90% of all private enterprises employing approximately 78% of non-agriculture labor force1. SMEs contributed over 30% to GDP, 25% in export earnings besides sharing 35% in manufacturing value addition2. The paper suggests that SMEs act as a catalyst to economical growth and development where IT embedded in their operations, planning and decisions like Hong Kong, Denmark and USA. Many other societies also place great value on the small and medium enterprises and encourage their activity. In fact, wealth and a high majority of jobs are created by small & medium businesses in the world. As a result, many experienced business people, political leaders, economists, and educators believe that fostering a robust small and medium business culture will maximize individual and collective economic and social success on a local, national, and global scale. It is recommended that SMEs may be offered access to inexpensive capital, tax exemptions and management advice & experiences and IT infrastructure which further leads toward the economical growth & development. The economical growth and development in a country can brings happiness and prosperity to its nation

Effects of probiotic on the intestinal morphology with special reference to the growth of broilers.

The probiotic (Protexin)® increases the growth rate in broilers. It must interfere with the intestinal cell morphology and absorption. The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewed tissues in the body and is renewed by a process of continuous cell division. This study was carried out with an aim to establish a link between the use of probiotic doses, growth rate, and intestinal cell proliferation by measuring the length and weight of the intestine and intestinal crypt cell proliferation (CCP) of broiler chicks. The results revealed significant increase in intestinal CCP but no effect was observed on the intestinal weight and length. The increase in CCP has also no significant influence towards growth factor. The increased weight gain in this study is associated with more feed consumption which is observed with Protexin® dose 1.0 g / 10 kg of feed. Furthermore, feed consumption reduced beyond this dose may lead to reduced weight gain

Selected thiadiazine-thione derivatives attenuate neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury induced neuropathy

Neuropathic pain refers to a lesion or disease of peripheral and/or central somatosensory neurons and is an important body response to actual or potential nerve damage. We investigated the therapeutic potential of two thiadiazine-thione [TDT] derivatives, 2-(5-propyl-6-thioxo-1, 3, 5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) acetic acid [TDT1] and 2-(5-propyl-2-thioxo-1, 3, 5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) acetic acid [TDT2] against CCI (chronic constriction injury)-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Mice were used for assessment of acute toxicity of TDT derivatives and no major toxic/bizarre responses were observed. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan test, and both TDT1 and TDT2 significantly reduced carrageenan-induced inflammation. We also used rats for the induction of CCI and performed allodynia and hyperalgesia-related behavioral tests followed by biochemical and morphological analysis using RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our findings revealed that CCI induced clear-cut allodynia and hyperalgesia which was reversed by TDT1 and TDT2. To determine the function of TDT1 and TDT2 in glia-mediated neuroinflammation, Iba1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in spinal cord tissue sections from various experimental groups. Interestingly, TDT1 and TDT2 substantially reduced the mRNA expression and protein level of Iba1, implying that TDT1 and TDT2 may mitigate CCI-induced astrogliosis. In silico molecular docking studies predicted that both compounds had an effective binding affinity for TNF-α and COX-2. The compounds interactions with the proteins were dominated by both hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Overall, these results suggest that TDT1 and TDT2 exert their neuroprotective and analgesic potentials by ameliorating CCI-induced allodynia, hyperalgesia, neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration in a dose-dependent manner

تعليقات الشيخ عبدالرحمن السرهندي علی تفسير الجلالين (دراسة تحليلية نقدية)

This research paper is designed to describe the exegetical distinctions of Allama Abdur Rahman Sirhindi. A descriptive and analytical study of Allama Abdul Rehman's manuscript of annotations and footnotes on Tafsir Jalalain came under discussion. The methodology adopted by the author is critically and analytically evaluated in an objective and subjective manner. A cursory glance at this tafsir brings its readers that it is the crux of baidhavi, Tabari, Nasafi and Fath al Qadir of the classical Islamic Tafaseer. Moreover, the writer has quoted Mulla Kashifi's Tafsir e Hussaini, which is considered as a scholastic exegesis of Persian literature, the author has amply used Arabic and Persian poetic verses in the elaboration of Qur'anic themes. It is worth mentioning that the writer has explicitly mentioned mystical connotations of the Qur'anic verses as approved by the well-known scholars of Islam. The overall impression of it is of tafsir bil-mathur. However, Modern challenges and issues of the human society has also been highlighted and various solutions have been suggested in a pragmatic way

Frequency of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction and its relationship with Hypokalemia

Introduction: Arrhythmic complications of acute myocardial infarction like ventricular arrhythmias are common and determine the clinical outcome. The associated risk factors like potassium level may help triage the patients to reduce mortality.&nbsp;Objective: Objectives were to determine the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction and to compare the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in normokalemic and hypokalemic patients.&nbsp;Study design: Cross-sectional survey&nbsp;Study setting: Study was conducted in Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.Duration of study: Study duration was six months i.e. from 1st February 2018 to 31st July 2018.Subjects &amp; Methods: Using consecutive sampling, 370 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. Development of ventricular arrhythmias was recorded. Rate of development of arrhythmias among normokalemic (serum potassium levels between 3.5mEq/L to 5.0mEq/L) at presentation and hypokalemic was compared. All enrolled patients received standard medical therapy for MI. History of hypertension and smoking was also elicited.Results: 370 patients were included with mean age of 54.5 ± 9.2 years ranging from 40 to 70 years of age. In our study the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias came out only 16.5%. 21.9% patients with hypokalemia developed ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction as compared to 11.4% normokalemic patients (p value&lt; 0.001). There was no significant effect of being older in age, any gender, and hypertensive in our sampled population. Being smoker was significantly associated with development of arrhythmia.&nbsp;Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with hypokalemia are at greater risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction.</p

Artificial Intelligence and Biosensors in Healthcare and its Clinical Relevance: A Review

Data generated from sources such as wearable sensors, medical imaging, personal health records, pathology records, and public health organizations have resulted in a  massive information increase in the medical sciences over the last decade. Advances in computational hardware, such as cloud computing, Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), and Tensor  Processing Units (TPUs), provide the means to utilize these data.  Consequently, many Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods have been developed to infer from large healthcare data. Here,  we present an overview of recent progress in artificial intelligence  and biosensors in medical and life sciences. We discuss the role  of machine learning in medical imaging, precision medicine,  and biosensors for the Internet of Things (IoT). We review the  most recent advancements in wearable biosensing technologies  that use AI to assist in monitoring bodily electro-physiological  and electro-chemical signals and disease diagnosis, demonstrating  the trend towards personalized medicine with highly effective, inexpensive, and precise point-of-care treatment. Furthermore,  an overview of the advances in computing technologies, such as  accelerated artificial intelligence, edge computing, and federated  learning for medical data, are also documented. Finally, we investigate challenges in data-driven AI approaches, the potential  issues that biosensors and IoT-based healthcare generate, and the distribution shifts that occur among different data modalities,  concluding with an overview of future prospects </p